( 2 ) having lived such a hard life for so long 是现在分词的完成式短语，作表示原因的状语，相当于一个状语从句：as they had lied such a hard life for so long .

　　句中的 lived 作“度过，过着”解，life 是它的同源宾语。在英语中有些不及物动词如 live , die , sleep , smile , dream , fight , laugh 等后面可有一个意义与它相同的宾语，这样的宾语叫做同源宾语。又如：

　　We are now living a happy life . = We are living happily .

　　He lived the rest of his life in the United States .

　　He died a heroic death in the battle .

　　The baby slept a good sleep .

　　The little girl smiled a sweet smile .
　
　　I dreamed a beautiful dream last night .

　　At this we laughed a hearty laugh .

　　She sang a nice song .

　　7 . On reading it , he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison , through no fault of his own . 读完信后，他得知他法国家中的一名仆人本人没有任何罪过被关进了监　狱。

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) on reading it = As soon as he read the letter . 介词 on 作“在……时，在……之后”解。相当于一个月 as soon as 引导的表示时间的状语从句。强调这一动作一发生，另一动作立即发生。例如：

　　On hearing the news . he burst out crying .

　　= As soon as he heard the news . he burst out crying .

　　( 2 ) on 作此义解时，后面还可跟名词。如：

　　However , on his arrival in Paris , he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison . 然而，当他一到巴黎就立即被人认出是贵族，因而被投入监狱。
　　
　　其中 on his arrival in Paris = on arriving in Paris = as soon as he arrived in Paris .

　　On his return from Beijing . he began his research work .

　　8 . Although Lucie married Charles , Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 虽然露西嫁经他查尔斯，但是悉尼还是向露西许诺，说为了确保她生活幸福，他愿意为她做一切可能做的事。

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 这是一个复合句，主句是 Sydney promised her , 后跟由 that 引起的宾语从句：he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 其中插入了一个省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句： ( that ) he could ( do ) , 修饰先行词 anything。

　　( 2 ) 句首是由 although 引起的让步状语从句。

　　( 3 ) 不定式短语“to make sure of her happiness”在句中作目的状语，修饰谓语“would always do anything”。
　　
【 妙文赏析 】

　　老板问盘子干嘛 ?

　　When a Korean woman who lives in the United States arrived at work one morning , her boss asked her , “Did you get a plate ? ”“No… , ”she answered , wondering what in the world he meant . She worked in an office . Why did the boss ask her about a plate ? All day she wondered about her boss\'s strange question , but she was too embarrassed to ask him about it . At five o\'clock , when she was getting ready to go home , her boss said , “Please be on time tomorrow . You were 15 minutes late this morning . ”“Sorry , ”she said . “My car wouldn\'t start , and…”Suddenly she said . “My car wouldn\'t start , and…”Suddenly she stopped talking and began to smile . Now she understood . Her boss hadn\'t asked her “Did you get a plate ? ”He had asked her , “Did you get up late ? ”