作者：赵忠西
1. How does nature form a danger to people in the world and how can science help reduce that threat?


[问] reduce的主要用法有哪些?


[答] reduce意为\"把......减少\"、\"降低（价格）\"、\"缩小（程度、尺寸等）\"，是及物动词。例如：


She reduced her weight by 6 kilograms. 她的体重减轻了6公斤。


The bike was reduced from 300 yuan to 200 yuan. 这辆自行车的价格从300元降到200元。


You must reduce your expenses. 你必须减少你的开支。


reduce还表示\"使成为\"、\"使处于（某种状态）\"，多用于被动语态，且与介词to连用。例如：


The house was reduced to ashes. 房子被烧成灰烬。


In the past, she was reduced to begging. 在过去，她被逼得去讨饭。


2. Some people got into a total panic, when the typhoon pulled the roofs off their houses and cars went up in the air.


[问] get into a panic表示什么意思?


[答] get into a panic意为\"进入恐慌状态\"，是固定搭配，可与about连用，引出原因。例如：


They got into a panic about the fire in the building. 他们因大楼起火而变得慌乱起来。


He got into a panic when he thought he\'d forgotten the passport. 他想起忘了带护照时，惊慌起来。


3. The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.


[问] at hand能用by hand替代吗?


[答] 不能。 at hand意为\"在近处\"，是介词短语，而by hand则表示\"用手\"。例如：


We live close at hand. 我们住在附近。


Fortunately there was someone at hand. 幸好附近有人。


This desk was made by hand. 这张桌子是手工制作的。


at hand还表示\"在手边\"、\"即将来到\"，作状语或表语。例如：


I haven\'t my dictionary at hand. 我的词典不在手边。


The examination is at hand. 考试即将来到。


4. With a tearing crash, tons of water fell upon the deck, as though the ship passed under a waterfall.


[问] as though的主要用法是什么?


[答] as though表示\"好像\"、\"仿佛\"，是连词，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。通常用来表示主观想象或夸大性的比喻，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气。该用法在本报第14期《貌似错误却有理，别有用意表虚拟》中已讲过，不再赘述。


as though引导表语从句时，若从句中的情况发生的可能性很大，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。例如：


The meat tastes as though it has already gone bad. 肉尝起来好像已经坏了。


It looks as though we\'ll have to walk.看来我们得步行了。


第十单元易混词语辨、练、析


作者：陈光明

一、escape; flee


1. Only two of the revolutionaries ________ from the prison.


2. The enemy ________ in disorder on hearing our guns.


3. No gas ________ from the pipe, but I still smelled something unusual.


4. We go south to ________ the winter.


5. Lu Zhishen killed his enemy and ________ his hometown to be a monk.


6. Luckily, there were a lot of people around and he ________ being drowned.


7. I\'m afraid your name ________ me.


Key: 1. escaped 2. fled 3. escaped 4. escape 5. fled 6. escaped 7. escapes


【简析】escape指安然\"逃脱（走）；跑掉\"，强调结果，一般为不及物动词(如1)。用作及物动词时，表示\"逃避；避开危险或不愉快的事\"（如4和6）或\"被疏忽；遗漏；泄漏\"（如3和7）。flee指\"逃奔；逃走\"，侧重指逃走时的急促状况，强调动作本身，不表明其结果。既可用作不及物动词（如2），也可用作及物动词（如5）。


二、awake; wake


1. I walked in quietly because I was afraid of ________ him.