第一章 虚拟语气
一 知识归纳
1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用
1) 三种形式
条件从句中的动词 结果主句中的动词 示例
与现在的事实相反 动词的过去式
be动词一律用were would/could/might/should +动词原形 If I had time, I would attend your party.
与过去的事实相反 had+过去分词 would/could/might/should +have +过去分词 You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.
与将来的事实相反 should+动词原形
were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should +动词原形 If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.
2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用到装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如:
Were it necessary, I might resign.
Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.
Should I have time, I would call on her
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace
3) 错综时间条件句
在这种条件句中,虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式, 如:
If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (现在---过去)
If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(过去---将来)
If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (过去---现在)
4) 含蓄条件句
有些句子中, 没有任何表示虚拟语气的词,短语或从句,但仍要用虚拟语气. 这时,要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分, 要么隐含在上下文之中. 如:
I would do anything for her (if I could)
We would have made a lot of money (but we gave up halfway)
Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)
5) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for 如:
What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?)
We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you had not helped us)
But for the rain, (if it had not been for the rain,) we would have finished the work
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1) wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反, 用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用should.如:
I wish she were here.
I wish you would go with us tomorrow
I wish she had taken my advice
2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建议的词后宾语从句的虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词原形
3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气
1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were)
It looks as if she were sick.
He looks as though he knew the girl
2) 从句所设想的时间动作于主句谓语发生,从句动词用had+过去分词. 如:
I feel as if we had known each other for years
He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself
4. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用
1) 当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:
I suggested that we should go there on foot.
注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:
The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.
当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: