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从高考题看过去分词的句法功能

2006年1月23日 来源:网友供稿 作者:不详 字体:[ ]

【简析】完整的说法应是when the drug is taken according to the directions,…由于主句的主语和从句的主语相同,因此可以省略从句的主语the drug和谓语的一部分is,答案为B。当然也可以省去when。
三、过去分词作表语
过去分词及过去分词短语作表语时,分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系;而现在分词及其短语作表语时,分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
9.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____________ by the hour.[NMET98]
A.payB.payingC.paidD.to pay
10.As we joined the big crowd I got ____________ from my friends.[NMET2001]
A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed
【简析】第8题答案为C,过去分词paid作系动词get的表语,类似的用法还有:get married,get beaten,get excited,get caught in等。同样,第9题答案为A,句意为:当我们走进人群中时,我和朋友们分开了。
过去分词作表语时,应注意它和现在分词的区别:现在分词常常表示特征,意为“令人……”,而过去分词则表示状态,意为“(某人)感到……”。如:
11.I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time,but now I am interesting in football.[NMET97短文改错][答案]将interesting改为interested。
四、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,常见的句式有:
1.使役动词或感官动词(have, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等)+宾语+过去分词。如:
Yesterday I had my bicycle repaired.
The teacher spoke so slowly so that he could make himself understood.
On my way back home, I heard my name called.
另外,have还有“遭受、遭遇”的意思。如:
Yesterday she had her wallet stolen when she was doing shopping.
12.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn\'t make himself ____________ .[MET91]
A.hear B.to hearC.hearing D.heard
【简析】make oneself heard为固定结构,意为“使自己的声音被别人听到”,再如make oneself understood表示“把自己的意思表达清楚”,故答案为D。
13.-Good morning.Can I help you?-I\'d like to have this package __________,madam.[MET89]A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed
【简析】have sth.done是固定结构,意为“让别人去做某事”或“让某事被别人完成”,该题表示“我想让别人称这个包裹”,因此答案为D,过去分词weighed作this package的宾语补足语。
2.某些动词(keep, leave, get, find)+宾语+过去分词。如:
If I get further information, I’ll keep you informed.
When I came into the classroom, I found it cleared.
3.介词with+宾语+过去分词。如:
The child was crying with the glass broken.
With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch.
14.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ____________ behind his back.[MET90]
A.being tied B.having tiedC.to be tied D.tied
【简析】在with复合结构中,hands与tie之间含有被动关系,因此首先排除B,另外此处tied不但表示被动,还可以表示完成,因此A、C又可排除,故答案为D。
15.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____________ the next year.[NMET2000]
A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried out D.to carry out
【简析】该题句式结构较为复杂,首先,先行词the plan后跟一个由that引导的定语从句;在定语从句中,关系代词that替代the plan,又充当动词see的宾语,因此该空处于宾语补足语的位置;另外,the plan与carry out之间是动宾关系,故答案为C,构成see sth.done结构。

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