８． with复合结构中的非谓语动词的用法：介词with后面可跟不定式或分词， 构成with短语，在句中作状语。
e.g. With the silk to be sold in the market, he will make much money.
He came in with the whole class staring at him.
With the problem solved, they are marching further in the peace process.
倒装句
1. (00’) Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party.
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing
2. (01’) ______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
3. (01’) So difficult _____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
基本要点：
１． 倒装句通常分为全部倒装和部分倒装句。全部倒装句的语序是指将整个句子谓语置于主语之前，从而形成倒装；而部分倒装语序则指将谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）移至主语前面构成倒装。
全部倒装用于：
２． 表示存在意义的there be结构中，常常使用全部倒装，其中be动词也可用表示状态的其他词替换。
３． 副词here, there, now, then开头的句子，谓语是be, go, come等词时，常常使用全部倒装。但是如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。
４． In,out,away,up,down,off等词开头的句子，也常用全部到装，但是如果主语是人称代词时，则不用倒装。
部分倒装用于：
５． 当neither, nor及so位于句首时；但当so解释为 “确实’时，不倒装。
６． 句首含有否定意义的副词never, or, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, few等；
７． 当含有no的词组位于句首时；
８． So(such)…that…的结果状语从句中；当so(such)位于句首时；
９． 在虚拟条件句中，当should,had,were位于句首时；
１０． Not only…but also…结构中，not only位于句首时；
１１． Not until位于句首时；
１２． 在Hardly had…when和no sooner had…than结构中
１３． only＋状语位于句首时;但如果only修饰的是主语，则不要倒装。
１４． “名词／形容词／副词／动词原形＋as(或though)＋主语＋谓语“表示让步意义，相当于though引导的从句。
反意疑问句
1. (00’) The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ______ ?
A. did they B. didn’t they C. did it D. didn’t it
2. ( 01’) I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______?
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
3. (02’) Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ______?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she
基本要点：
１． 反意疑问句是指在陈述句或祁使句之后的短问句：有助动词＋主语构成。它主要表达以下几种意思：１）对不对 ２）你觉得呢３）征求对方允许
２． 前后的助动词或情态动词必须一致；前后时态必须一致。
３． 主语无论是名词或代词，后句的主语必须是代词。
４． 前句的主语如果是主语从句，后句用it作主语；前句如果是there时，后句仍用there.
e.g. What he said is unbelievable, isn’t it?
There used to b a hotel over there, usedn’t / didn’t there?
５． 并列句与就近的句子保持一致。
e.g. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet, isn’t it?
