A. that B. when C. what D. how
基本要点:
1. 主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句,和同位语从句统称为名词性从句.
2. 在主语从句中, 不用if引导.that引导主语从句时不能省略.常用it作形式主语, 以保持句子的平衡.主句中的谓语动词通常用单数形式.
3. 在宾语从句中, 从句与主句的时态相一致. 主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等词时, 而宾语从句的意思是否定时, 否定转移.
4. 不用if引导表语从句. reason后的表语从句只用that引导,不用because.
5. 在同位语从句中, 先行词通常为fact, idea, promise, hope, order, belief, decision, news, conclusion, truth, report等抽象名词.
难点:
1. that和which在名词性从句中的作用与定语从句中不一样.在定语从句中, that和which都作主语,宾语和表语,而在名词性从句中,that不担任成分.名词性从句中的主语,宾语和表语,表事物的由what来担任,表人的由who, whoever, whom, whomever.
2. Whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, whenever, however等都可用于名词性从句和让步状语从句,而no matter what/ which/ how/ when/ where等只能用于让步状语从句.
3. 介词后也可根宾语从句,但是以引导的宾语从句通常只用于in, but, except后.
4. 单个的主语从句作主语,动词用第三人称单数形式.但是以what引导的主语从句的动词单复数常常视表语单复数而定.
状语从句
1. (00’) She found her calculator _____ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
2. (02’) He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
3. (03’) We were in ______ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
4. –How far apart do they live?
--_____ I know, they live in the same neighborhood.
A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as
5. A good story teller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ______ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
6. –Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
--Good, and _____ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
基本要点:
1. 状语从句在句中作状语, 修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 状语从句由从属连词引导. 状语从句位于句首时, 从句后面一般用逗号, 但放在句末时, 从句前面一般不用逗号.
2. 按照语法意义, 状语从句分为九类从句.
难点:
1. 用when时, 主句和从句的动作同时发生, 或从句的动作发生在主句之前, 即可以引导持续性动作, 也可引导短暂性动作. 用as时, 主句和从句的动作同时发生, 意为 “一边…一边”. 用while时, 主句和从句的动作同时发生, 并且持续一段时间.
2. 时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用将来时, 要用一般现在时或一般过去时表示一般将来时或过去将来时.
3. because表示的语气最强, 在回答开始的问句时只能用.as语气较弱, 一般放在主句前面. since表示稍加分析后的原因, 而且多少对方已知道的. for不表示产生某种结果的必然因果关系, 不放在句首, 前面有逗号隔开.
4. 由so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词常用情态动词may(might)或 can (could).
