一、构词法：
1、动词®名词
work®worker invent®inventor teach®teacher
sing®singer visit®visitor drive®driver
invent®invention operate®operation
2、名词®名词
farm®farmer police®policeman
French®Frenchman
3、名词®形容词
care®careful use®useful sun®sunny
cloud®cloudy wind®windy rain®rainy
America®American China®Chinese interest®interesting
difference®different ice®icy
4、形容词®副词
quick®quickly happy®happily
possible®possibly true®truly
polite®politely wide®widely
5、形容词®反义词
happy®unhappy usual®unusual able®unable

二、常用词、词组和短语的英语解释：
例如：look after－take care of
right away－at once
right now－now
have a rest－take a rest
in the middle of－in the centre of
do well in－be good at

三、兼类词和多义词的词类及用法：
例如：1、right adj. 正确的
I’m wrong. You are right. 我错了你是对的。
‚adv. 恰恰，正好
It’s right on your head. 它正好在你头上。
ƒn. 右边
Li Ming sits on my right. 李明坐在我右边。
2、back n. 背，后背，后部
‚adv. 向后，回原处
Put your hands behind your back. (n.) 把手放在背后。
He’ll be back(adv.) in ten minutes. 他十分钟后回来。
3、poor adj. 贫穷的
‚可怜的
ƒ不好的
He was too poor to buy a new coat. 他穷得买不起一件新外套。
The poor old man had no room to live in. 这位可怜的老人没有地方住。
I’m poor at singing. 我不擅于唱歌。
4、call v. 称呼，取名
‚呼唤，叫来
ƒ大声说，叫喊
n.叫，喊 ‚（一次）电话，通话
The boy was called Mingming. 这个男孩被叫做明明。
You’d better call a doctor. 你最好请位医生。
I hear someone calling. 我听见有人在叫。
I heard a call for help. 我听到呼救的声音。
I’ll give you a call later. 我以后再给你打电话。

四、同义词（近义词），反义词（对应词）的词类及用法：
例如：1、any和some，二者都有“一些”的意思，any多用于疑问句和否定句，some 多用于肯定句。但在表示请求、邀请、期待肯定答复的问句中，常用some代替any。
I can see some flowers in the garden.
I can’t see any trees there.
Would you like some water?
2、borrow lend
borrow常和from搭配，表示“借来”“借入”
lend常与to搭配，表示“借给……”“借出”
——Will you please lend me your bike?
——Sorry, I’ve lent it to Tom.
——Thank you all the same. I’ll borrow it from others.
3、take, bring, carry
take：将某物或某人带离说话人那里。bring则相反，是带到说话人处。例如：
Bring your book here tomorrow.
Could you take it to the classroom?
carry是随身携带，不表明来去的方向，如：
I can’t carry the box. It’s too heavy.
4、find, look for, find out
find意为“找到”，look for是“寻找”，find out 是“发现、查明（真相）”
I can’t find my ticket.
I’m looking for it.
They are trying to find out who broke the window.
5、look, see, watch
look是“看”，经常和at搭配，look at看……
如：Look at the picture.
see是“看见”。如：
Can you see the picture?
watch是“观看”如：